Strateji | 0.18.9 | 140.70M

Strateji | 1.20 | 83.59M

Strateji | 2.6.4 | 148.74M

Strateji | 17.0 | by Social Point | 269.95M

Strateji | v1.4.153 | by IGG.COM | 1.10M

Strateji | 1.8.1 | by Sweet Maker Shop | 32.00M

Strateji | 10.9.0 | 213.06M

Strateji | 66 | 132.00M

Strateji | 2.8 | by Play 10 | 40.00M

Strateji | v1.13.4 | by StarFortune | 112.17M